Cause:
The cause of primary biliary cirrhosis is unknown. The disease affects women more often than men and usually occurs between the ages of 30 and 60 years. Some research suggests that the disease may be an autoimmune disorder.
Symptoms:
The first and most common symptoms of primary biliary cirrhosis are itchy skin and fatigue. Other symptoms may eventually develop, including
- jaundice, which leads to a yellowing of the eyes and skin
- fatty deposits under the skin
- fluid retention
- dry eyes and mouth
In the later stages of the disease, some people develop osteoporosis, arthritis, and thyroid problems.
Diagnosis:
Primary biliary cirrhosis is diagnosed through laboratory tests, x rays, and in some cases, a liver biopsy to help to determine the extent of disease progression. A liver biopsy uses a thin needle to remove a small sample of liver tissue. The sample is then examined with a microscope.
Treatment:
Initial treatment is usually aimed at relieving symptoms. Vitamin replacement therapy, calcium supplements, and drugs to treat itching are usually prescribed.
Some patients have also benefitted from ursodeoxycholic acid (Urso 250 and URSO Forte), which is the only drug approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis. Ursodiol (Actigall) has also helped some patients by increasing bile flow. Neither of these drugs cure the disease, but they can help delay its progression. If the liver becomes severely damaged, a transplant may be necessary.
Source:
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis. National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NIDDIC). National Institu of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). National Institutes of Health. NIH Publication No. 07–4625 : April 2007
