Complications of GERD

Chronic GERD, or gastroesophageal reflux disease, can cause serious complications, especially if left untreated.

GERD is a digestive condition that is more serious than the common gastroesophageal reflux (GER). GER, also called acid reflux or acid regurgitation, occurs when the lower esophageal reflux sphincter (LES) spontaneously opens or does not close properly as they should. This results in stomach contents including acids to rise up into the esophagus causing symptom of burning-pain in the chest or heartburn.

GERD Complications

Stomach acids that rise up to the esophagus can cause it to become inflamed. In addition, it can damage the inner lining of the esophagus and can result in bleeding or ulcers. The inflammation of the esophagus is known as esophagitis. Scars can form from the damaged tissues and may lead to narrowing of the esophageal passage (strictures), which can make swallowing difficult.

Another complication of GERD is Barrett's esophagus. This occurs when the cells in the lining of the esophagus change into abnormal shape and color. This can, over time, lead to the development of esophageal cancer, a serious form of cancer.

It is important that you let your doctor monitor your condition if you have GERD, especially if it becomes chronic. This way, your doctor can recommend appropriate treatments when necessary.

Previous studies have shown that gastroesophageal reflux disease may worsen or contribute to asthma, chronic cough, and pulmonary fibrosis.

For more information about Barrett's esophagus, see the Digestive System Disorders (DSD) Barrett's Esophagus fact sheet.

Learn more about Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.

Source:
National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. Heartburn, Gastroesophageal Reflux (GER), and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). Available from http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/index.htm. Accessed on September 29, 2010.

[Top of Page]

Reflux Disease in Infants - About Infant Reflux Disease

Reflux disease, also called gastroesophageal reflux (GER), is a digestive disorder that can occur in infants. This infantile reflux disease occurs when stomach contents including acid, back up or reflux into the esophagus—the tube connecting the mouth to the stomach.

Normally, a ring of muscle between the esophagus and stomach called lower esophageal sphincter (LES) prevents reflux of stomach contents. However, in infants, the LES can also normally open to allow gas to pass after meals. Stomach contents may also reflux when the LES is open, resulting in regurgitation, or spitting up, or vomiting. It can also occur when babies cough, cry or strain.

Symptoms

Gastroesophageal reflux is common in infants. Studies have shown that more than half of all infants experience reflux in the first 3 months of life. However, most of them stop spitting up within 2 years. In most cases, the symptoms of GER in babies are mild and do not lead to severe complications. A small number of infants have severe symptoms leading to complications. Infants with reflux disease may experience

 spitting up
 vomiting
 coughing
 irritability
 poor feeding
 blood in the stools

You should seek consultation with a qualified healthcare provider if you notice the following symptoms on your baby:

 poor growth due to an inability to hold down enough food
 irritability or refusing to feed due to pain
 blood loss from acid burning the esophagus
 breathing problems

These symptoms can be caused by other health problems other than GER.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the symptoms and age of the infant. In some cases, treatment may not be necessary as the disease often resolves by itself. Changes in feeding habits may also help, such as giving the infant smaller quantities with more frequent feedings.

In some cases, medications may be recommended by the doctor. Rarely, severe cases may require surgery.

Related Topic: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Source: Gastroesophageal Reflux in Infants (August 2006). Retrieved on March 2, 2010, from http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/gerdinfant/index.htm

[Top of Page]